New Charging Algorithm Doubles the Lifespan of Lithium-ion Batteries

Lithium-ion batteries are currently one of the most practical and effective technologies for storing and transporting electrical energy. While their limitations have begun to emerge, scientists are searching for alternative materials and energy storage solutions. Researchers now claim they can significantly improve the long-term performance of lithium-ion batteries.

Traditional charging methods use constant current (CC) external power. An analysis of battery samples charged using CC revealed a significant increase in the thickness of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) on the anode. Additionally, more cracks were found in the NMC532 and graphite electrode structures, resulting in a significant loss of lithium-ion battery capacity.

To address this issue, researchers have developed a charging protocol based on pulse current (PC). After charging the battery with the new PC protocol, the research team found that the SEI interface had become much thinner, and there were fewer structural changes in the electrode material. PC charging promotes a "uniform distribution" of lithium ions in graphite, reducing mechanical stress and cracks in graphite particles. The scheme also inhibits structural degradation of the NMC532 cathode. Tests have shown that high-frequency pulse effects of square wave current are most effective. PC charging can double the lifespan of commercial lithium-ion batteries, with a capacity retention rate of up to 80%.

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